COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction, evaluation of onset, and persistence.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common feature of COVID-19. The goal of the study was to define the modes of onset of OD in the clinical course of the disease and to follow the cases for 12-18 months in order to estimate the differences in the recovery time from OD over the course of the disease. We managed to follow a total of 325 patients (females: 198, males: 127) in the Babylon governorate in Iraq. All were COVID-19 patients who should have OD during the course of the disease. COVID-19 infection was established in all patients by swab test, i.e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or chest computed tomography findings of pneumonia compatible with COVID-19. Detailed medical records were obtained directly from the patients or their relatives. The patients were then followed up by telephone and questioned with structured questionnaires concentrating upon general clinical features and the sense of olfaction. Information about the presence of olfactory disorders, their occurrence, and development was recorded. Based on the onset of OD, the patients were categorized into three groups. Olfactory functions were assessed primarily by face-to-face interview and then (if necessary) by a telephone questionnaire assessing self-reported olfactory function and olfactory-related quality of life, which measures the subjective olfactory capability (SOC). In the first 2 weeks, 148 (45.5%) patients reported complete recovery from OD, of which 90 (73.2%) patients joined at the end of the 1st month. OD persistence was observed in 11 (3.3%) patients toward the end of the 1st year, in 5 (1.5%) patients at the end of the 15th month, and only in two (0.6%) patients at the end of the 18th month. We found no significant correlation between the type of onset of OD and the duration and persistence of OD. Most sufferers of COVID-associated OD recover their sense of smell within the 1st month.

Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative.

Although most individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a significant number continue to suffer from Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), including the unexplained symptoms that are frequently referred to as long COVID, which could last for weeks, months, or even years after the acute phase of illness. The National Institutes of Health is currently funding large multi-center research programs as part of its Researching COVID to Enhance Recover (RECOVER) initiative to understand why some individuals do not recover fully from COVID-19. Several ongoing pathobiology studies have provided clues to potential mechanisms contributing to this condition. These include persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen and/or genetic material, immune dysregulation, reactivation of other latent viral infections, microvascular dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis, among others. Although our understanding of the causes of long COVID remains incomplete, these early pathophysiologic studies suggest biological pathways that could be targeted in therapeutic trials that aim to ameliorate symptoms. Repurposed medicines and novel therapeutics deserve formal testing in clinical trial settings prior to adoption. While we endorse clinical trials, especially those that prioritize inclusion of the diverse populations most affected by COVID-19 and long COVID, we discourage off-label experimentation in uncontrolled and/or unsupervised settings. Here, we review ongoing, planned, and potential future therapeutic interventions for long COVID based on the current understanding of the pathobiological processes underlying this condition. We focus on clinical, pharmacological, and feasibility data, with the goal of informing future interventional research studies.

Evaluation of Blood Biochemistry and Cardiopulmonary status of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients in 3 Months Post Discharged Follow up Survey.

BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus causes systemic inflammation and damage to various organs. So, this study aimed to follow up patients with COVID -19 after recovery for three months by performing cardiac, pulmonary and laboratory tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients who were discharged from Baharloo Hospital. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR or long CT scan. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 years and patients with more than 50% of pulmonary involvement in lung CT scan. The patients were called to Baharloo hospital three months after recovery and were examined for cardiac, pulmonary and blood tests. RESULT: Our study included 178 participants with mean age of 55.70, and 50.6% of them were male. Among pulmonary factors in the hospital, 71.9%, 15.7%,1.7%,19.1% and 53.4% had positive GGO, consolidation, reverse halo sign, traction bronchiectasis and vascular enlargement, respectively. After three months follow up, percentage of patients who had reticulation, honeycombing, fibrotic brand and bullae were 12%, 1.1%,8.4% and 0%, respectively. The Mean values of FVC and FEV1 were reported 4.21 and 3.01, respectively. Among Cardiac factors, positive PVC, PAC and mean Pap were decreased after three months. Only Growth in myalgia and Decreased sense of taste were statistically significant. Also, D dimer, UA protein, PMN, Ferritin CRP, PMN, LDH and HB amounts had decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that in addition to pulmonary changes, rapid damage to other organs and the occurrence of cardiac symptoms and changes in laboratory result were also reported in patients recovered from COVID-19.

Hospital readmissions in the group of users on the Flexible Assertive Community Treatment - experiences from RECOVER E Montenegro samples

Introduction: As a part of Horizon 2020 program, RECOVER-E project activities were initiated in Montenegro in 2018. The initial step involved a thorough situation analysis of the setting and circumstances of treatment of users with severe mental health illnesses, followed by the establishment of the community mental health team (CMHT) within the Special Psychiatric Hospital Kotor. The CMHT became responsible for the treatment of a group of clients with severe mental health illnesses, based on the principles of 'Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT - A Dutch model). Objective(s): The main objective of this research was to establish whether there were substantial differences regarding the hospital readmissions in the group of patients treated by the CMHT, compared to usual mental health care in Montenegro. Method(s): Within the RECOVER-E project, a sample of 202 patients, users of mental health services, were recruited in Montenegro. Patients were randomized into two similar-sized groups - intervention group, whose treatment was managed by the multidisciplinary CMHT, and control group where treatment as usual was continued. To estimate and follow-up the frequency of hospital readmissions, medical documentation was used. Result(s): Patients in the intervention group had less hospital days during the 18 months follow-up period. However, the differences between two groups regarding number of readmissions, and total length of hospital days were not statistically significant measured by independent T test. Conclusion(s): This study showed that CMHT care could reduce the total length of hospital days during the treatment of psychotic disorders even dough during the COVID 19 pandemic and lock down measures.

The impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions on travel intention of young domestic tourists in Kerala

The COVID-19 pandemic created a significant impact all over the world, specifically on the travel and tourism industry, which is an important economic contributor and highly sensitive to shocks like these pandemics. The impact of reduced mobility is highly reflected in the tourism industry, and countries across the world are trying to develop measures to ensure the recovery of the sector. So it is important to understand the attitude and perceptions of consumers to gain an insight into the change in travel intentions amidst the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions of young tourists in Kerala on travel intentions during the pandemic. Understanding the travel intentions in the current pandemic scenario is of paramount importance as strategies are needed to regain the confidence of tourists. This study has analysed the influence of financial risks, health risks, travel risks and psychological risks on travel intention, wherein health risks, travel risks and psychological risks were identified to influence travel intention. The health risk has influenced travel intentions, followed by travel risk and psychological risk.

Resilience in Focus. Certain Mechanisms of the Deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union

The economic resilience - the flexibility of the economy and also the capability of resistance to shocks - is a central category of European reform processes. It contains proactive and reactive dimension, as well as the necessity of adaptation to the new circumstances. The study examines the basic dimensions of resilience vulnerability factors, shock absorption and the ability to recover, and finds that the efficiency of the interactions and synergy of the deep integration system is determined by the interconnected mechanisms of convergence and resilience. Approaching resilience may show a new direction to national economic policies. With the increase of resilience of certain member states, the structural reforms at national level could decrease (reduce) the expense of the anti-cyclical (national fiscal or common monetary) policies in stabilizing of the Eurozone’s economies.

Influence analysis of regional loans on basic infrastructure establishment to recover economy during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

The decline at economic activities in Sikka Regency, resulted in a decrease in the regional income. Consequently, the Government needed additional funds to meet basic infrastructure needs obtained from the Regional Loans Program. This study aimed to examine the effects of Regional Loans on the growth of other sectors as a trickle-down effect that can restore the economy in Sikka Regency. This research employed qualitative and quantitative approaches. The secondary data were obtained from the Sikka Government. there were four types of health infrastructure, six types of clean water infrastructure activities, and five types of road and bridge constructions to be built in Sikka Regency. Regarding the sectors that affect the basic infrastructure there was one type of essential sector impacted, namely the financial and banking sector. Meanwhile, in the critical sector, five types of sectors were influenced, namely logistics and transportation, cement, construction, basic utilities (electricity and water), and basic daily needs. In the critical sector, road infrastructure contributed the highest percentage of influence of 55%, followed by clean water infrastructure of 23%, and health infrastructure of 14%. the socio-economic effects in health factor 0,03%, clean water 0,9%, and road infrastructures 2,65% of households.

REassessment Campaign On VEterinary Resuscitation: Has the time come for horses?

9 Hoehne, S.N., Hopper, K. and Epstein, S.E. (2019) Prospective evaluation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed in dogs and cats according to the RECOVER guidelines. Keywords: horse;cardiopulmonary arrest;CPR;international guidelines;RECOVER EN horse cardiopulmonary arrest CPR international guidelines RECOVER 117 119 3 02/09/22 20220301 NES 220301 It is disconcerting that equine anaesthetic-related fatalities for elective procedures are nearly 10- to 20-fold more frequent than their small animal counterparts, and between 100- and 1000-fold more likely than human anaesthesia-associated fatalities (Brodbelt I et al i . 2008;Li I et al i . 2009;Dugdale I et al i . 2016;Laurenza I et al i . 2019). The RECOVER guidelines, published in the summer of 2012, aimed to systematically review the body of literature on CPR from a veterinary standpoint and to generate practical consensus guidelines to be used in dogs and cats. Horse, CPR, RECOVER, cardiopulmonary arrest, international guidelines. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Equine Veterinary Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

COVID-19: Is reinfection possible?

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly in many countries, overburdening health systems and causing numerous economic and social impacts. Most studies on the subject have focused on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, however, there remains a scientific gap concerning the possibility of reinfection. The purpose of this bibliographic review is to gather information from studies aimed at this possibility, and to clarify what we know so far. It was found that in many situations cured patients are being released from hospitals, however, in some cases, the discharge criteria are not effective. Patients are presenting positive RT-PCR tests. There are several factors that might interfere so that patients cured of COVID-19 continue to test positive, and this would not necessarily represent a case of recurrence, as the test cannot differentiate the viral RNA from the complete virus, which alone is capable of causing the active infection. This review demonstrates that in order to rule out the possibility of COVID-19 reinfection in cured patients, more robust methods need to be adopted as criteria for both clinical discharge and post-hospital follow-up.